The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months. Each month holds specific cultural and religious significance within Islam.
Muharram (محرّم):
“Forbidden.” The first month, a time for reflection and spiritual renewal. Marks the beginning of the new year and the Day of Ashura, commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Hussein.
Safar (صفر):
“Empty.” Traditionally associated with travel and change. Some consider it less auspicious but a reminder to trust in God’s plan.
Rabiʻ al-Awwal (ربيع الأول):
“First Spring.” Marks the birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and celebrates his teachings and legacy.
Rabiʻ al-Thani (ربيع الآخر):
“Second Spring.” Continuation of celebrations surrounding Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) birth and life.
Jumada al-Awwal (جمادى الأولى):
“First Frost.” Associated with increased rainfall and agricultural blessings.
Jumada al-Thani (جمادى الآخر):
“Second Frost.” Continuation of blessings and preparation for Ramadan.
Rajab (رجب):
“Respectful.” Considered a sacred month with increased acts of worship and preparation for Ramadan.
Shaʻban (شعبان):
“Branching out.” Month of increased supplication, forgiveness, and preparation for the spiritual peak of Ramadan.
Ramadan (رمضان):
“Scorching heat.” The holiest month, marked by mandatory fasting, increased Quran recitation, and heightened spiritual focus.
Shawwal (شوّال):
“Eagerness.” Celebrates the end of Ramadan with Eid al-Fitr, a joyous festival marked by prayers, charity, and family gatherings.
Dhu al-Qiʻdah (ذو القعدة):
“Month of sitting.” Time for rest and preparation for Hajj pilgrimage.
Dhu al-Hijjah (ذو الحجة):
“Month of pilgrimage.” Culminates with the Hajj pilgrimage, a mandatory act for able Muslims, and Eid al-Adha, a festival of sacrifice and community celebration.